Characterization of durum wheat mediterranean germplasm for high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits in relation with quality

The research was carried out to identify suitable accessions for crossing programs, to introgress positive quality features of exotic germplasm into the existing genetic base. The 114 genotypes from the ICARDA collection and 2 genotypes selected from the Sicilian landrace Martinella were grown in the season 1994-95 in a representative durum wheat growing area in the hilly, inner part of Sicily, together with three cultivars widespread in the region of evaluation and used, therefore, as controls, viz. Simeto, Capeiti and Arcangelo. Analysis of total protein by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was made on the accessions, which were also evaluated for protein concentration, SDS sedimentation volume, mixograph test and pasta-making test. Uncommon high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits were found; HMW 2* and 3* subunits at the Glu-A1 locus might confer better quality than the null allelic form usually found at this locus. Even more evident was the positive effect of the HMW 6+17 subunit at the Glu-B1 locus. The results showed that the evaluated germplasm formed an interesting source of favourable glutenin subunits that might be very desirable in breeding activities for improving pasta-making quality.