Chemical emplacement of magma

Reaction cells are proposed by which magma bodies move by cycling excess energies along gradients of temperature, pressure and composition in open systems and gravitational fields of the earth. Crystallization energy released by exothermic crystallization at cell bases migrates upward by convective overturn in liquid zones and is absorbed by endothermic dissolution of roof rocks. Rock–liquid interfaces, liquid zones, and accumulations of crystals rise. Dissolved country rocks mix with magma. Granitic minerals form under disequilibrium conditions. Reaction cells consume or add excess energy during transit. Cells that reach the surface supply volcanic fields; those that consolidate below form intrusive terrains. Granitic rocks replace country rocks by passive processes that generate silicate liquids.