The effect of diet on risk of cancer

Diet-related factors are thought to account for about 30% of cancers in developed countries. Obesity increases the risk of cancers in the oesophagus, colorectum, breast, endometrium, and kidney. Alcohol causes cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, and liver, and causes a small increase in the risk of breast cancer. Adequate intakes of fruit and vegetables probably lower the risk for several types of cancer, especially cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. The importance of other factors, including meat, fibre, and vitamins, is not yet clear. Prudent advice is to eat a varied diet including plenty of fruit, vegetables, and cereals; to maintain a healthy bodyweight with the help of regular physical activity; and to restrict consumption of alcohol.