Synthesis and Characterization of Homogeneous Germanium-Substituted Tin Oxide by Using Sol-Gel Method

Synthesis of a rutile-type germanium-substituted tin oxide with (110) face was investigated. The characterization was performed by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, IR, XPS, and BET surface area measurements. When the percentage of germanium contained was less than 10 wt%, the homogeneous rutile-type germanium-substituted tin oxide was obtained. The obtained oxide had a homogeneously germanium-substituted (110) face.