Polandʹs syndrome and vascular malformations

Unilateral hypoplasia of the breast and the pectoralis muscle with a missing anterior axillary fold as part of Polandʹs syndrome are of major concern, especially for women. The latissimus dorsi is one of the most suitable flaps for breast and anterior thorax reconstructions but it may be hypoplastic or absent. If so, a free tissue transfer of the contralateral latissimus dorsi muscle is the next possible option for reconstruction. As Polandʹs syndrome is additionally associated with vascular malformations of the diseased hemithorax such as hypoplastic or missing vessels, a preoperative angiography is mandatory for planned microvascular tissue transfer.