Ten-year clinical laboratory follow-up after application of a symptom-based therapeutic strategy to patients with severe chronic aortic regurgitation of predominant rheumatic etiology

Objectives This study was designed to assess the feasibility and the long-term results of a symptom-based strategy of aortic valve replacement in a Brazilian population with predominant rheumatic etiology. Background Optimal criteria for valve replacement in aortic regurgitation (AR) are still not entirely clear. The appearance of symptoms is an indication for surgery, but may be associated with myocardial damage. Although cardiac imaging data have provided a safer guide for such decisions, the use of symptom-based surgical indication has not been validated and might conceivably be better in populations with predominant rheumatic etiology and younger age. Methods Echocardiography and rest-exercise radionuclide ventriculography were performed in 75 patients with severe AR, age 28 ± 9 years, over a period of 10 ± 0.69 years. Thirty-seven patients developed symptoms and underwent aortic valve replacement surgery within six months. Thirty-eight patients remained asymptomatic and were managed medically. Results Survival was 100% in asymptomatic patients and 82% in symptomatic. Surgical treatment caused marked ventricular remodeling, with ventricular diameter involution and an improvement of rest-exercise ejection fraction percent variation. Multivariate analysis showed that the probability of developing symptoms within 10 years was 58% for a patient with a left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ≥70 mm and 76% for a patient with left ventricular end-systolic (LVESD) ≥50 mm. Logistic regression identified LVESD and age as the most predictive and specific, but not sensitive, indicators of symptom development. Conclusions Application of a standardized therapeutic strategy to patients with severe AR and predominant rheumatic etiology resulted in 90.6% survival after 10 years of follow-up.