Factors affecting couplesʹ adjustment to recurrent breast cancer

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the adjustment of women and their husbands to recurrent breast cancer and to examine the mutual effect that partners have on one another. An exploratory study was designed to determine the relationship between four predictor variables (support, uncertainty, symptom distress, hopelessness) and womenʹs and husbandsʹ adjustments. The sample consisted of 155 subjects; 81 women, who had a first recurrence of breast cancer, and 74 husbands. Multiple standardized instruments with established reliability and validity were used to measure the study variables. The independent variables were measured with the Social Support Questionnaire, the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, McCorkle Symptom Distress Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The dependent variable, psychosocial adjustment, was measured with the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale. The results indicated that the independent variables accounted for 43% of the variance in womenʹs distress and 32% of the variance in husbandsʹ distress; they also explained 66% of the variance in womenʹs role adjustment problems and 57% of the variance in husbandsʹ role problems. Symptom distress and hopelessness accounted for the most variance in womenʹs and husbandsʹ levels of adjustment. A significant and positive relationship was found between womenʹs and husbandsʹ adjustment scores, indicating that partners have a mutual influence on one another. The findings suggest that there are multiple factors that influence couplesʹ adjustment to recurrent breast cancer, and that these factors need to be taken into consideration when planning care for women and their partners.