Reproductive health indicators for Chinaʹs rural areas

We report community-based development of reproductive health indicators for Chinaʹs rural areas. To generate these indicators, we sequenced two participatory techniques known as nominal group process and Delphi survey methodology. Nominal group process entailed grassroots reproductive health workers’ generating indicators, followed by refinement and prioritization of these indicators through a consensus-building Delphi process among nationally and internationally known reproductive health experts. Major criteria for the indicators were practicality, feasibility, and measurability within Chinaʹs rural areas. We explain the importance of establishing these indicators for application in rural China and other developing countries as a complement to the World Health Organizationʹs reproductive health indicators for global monitoring; present the identified indicators; and describe lessons learned from field testing in low-, middle-, and high-income counties of Chinaʹs countryside.