Womenʹs status and child well-being: A state-level analysis

We conducted an ecologic analysis of the relation between womenʹs status and child well-being in the 50 United States. State-level womenʹs status was assessed via four composite indices: womenʹs political participation, economic autonomy, employment and earnings, and reproductive rights. Child well-being was measured via five outcomes: percentage of low birthweight babies, infant mortality, teen mortality, high school dropout rate, and teen birth rate. Higher state-level womenʹs status on all indicators was associated with significantly better state-level child well-being in unadjusted analyses. Several associations remained significant after adjusting for income inequality and state racial composition. Womenʹs political participation was associated with a significantly lower percentage of low birthweight babies (p<.001) and lower teen birth rates (p<.05). Womenʹs employment and earnings was associated with lower infant mortality (p<.05) and teen birth rates (p<.05). More economic and social autonomy for women was associated with better child outcomes on all measures (p<.01 all). Greater reproductive rights were associated with significantly lower infant mortality (p<.01). We conclude that child well-being is worse in states where women have lower political, economic, and social status. Womenʹs status is an important aspect of childrenʹs social context which may impact their well-being. Multi-level analyses of the association between state-level womenʹs status and child well-being are needed.