Venous drainage with a single peripheral bicaval cannula for less invasive atrial septal defect repair

New peripheral venous cannulae have recently been proposed for minimally invasive open cardiac surgery. We present a femoral venous cannula designed to simultaneously drain both superior and inferior vena cavae. Used in adult patients for atrial septal defect repair, the cannula allowed passive blood drainage of 70.6% ± 11.7% of theoretical cardiac output. Drainage was augmented to 93.4% ± 8.6% of theoretical cardiac output by means of a centrifugal pump.