Traumatic pulmonary arteriovenous malformation presenting with massive hemoptysis 30 years after penetrating chest injury

A 39-year-old man presented with massive hemoptysis requiring emergency double lumen endobronchial intubation, bronchial arteriography and embolization, and subsequent right lower lobectomy. He had suffered a shrapnel blast injury to the right chest as a 9-year-old boy. Pathology of the resected specimen revealed lodged metallic foreign body with traumatic arteriovenous malformation. We present this case to alert thoracic surgeons to this extremely rare clinical entity that can present itself many years after the penetrating trauma, which requires urgent surgery.