Management of deep sternal infection in infants and children with advanced pectoralis major muscle flaps

Background Advanced pectoralis major muscle flaps can be used to treat deep sternal wound infections in children; however, the long-term outcomes have not been widely reported. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 11 patients (median age, 3.8 months), who had developed deep sternal wound infections following median sternotomy, among 1380 consecutive pediatric cardiac procedures from January 1995 to July 2001. Results Advanced pectoralis major muscle flaps were used in 10 patients bilaterally and in 1 patient unilaterally. All survived and were discharged without evidence of infection. During a mean ± standard deviation follow-up of 42.1 ± 20.9 months, there was no evidence of recurrent or chronic infection. All patients demonstrated normal development with no limitations to their upper trunk or limb movements. All of the 6 patients who had undergone a palliative operation initially had additional operations without difficulty through the existing sternotomy incision. Conclusions This technique proved to be easy and promoted wound healing that covered all of the sternal wound defects without tension and without requiring additional flaps. It produced minimal growth and developmental problems, and it might facilitate additional operations.