Self-Management of Oral Anticoagulation Therapy Improves Long-Term Survival in Patients With Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement

Background The Early Self-Controlled Anticoagulation Trial has demonstrated that in patients with mechanical heart valve replacement self-management of oral anticoagulation results in less major thromboembolic events than conventional measurement by the general practitioner. However, the effects of self-management on long-term survival are currently not known. Methods Nine hundred thirty patients participated in a follow-up study of the aforementioned trial (488 from the self-management group and 442 from the conventional group). Long-term survival was assessed 12 years after the study began using the intent-to treat analysis as well as the per protocol analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in order to assess independent predictors of survival. Results In total, the 930 patients accrued 8,315 patient-years of observation. During follow-up, 236 patients died. According to the intent-to treat analysis, 10-year survival was 76.1% in the conventional group and 84.5% in the self-management group. The corresponding values for the per protocol analysis were 67.7% and 80.6%, respectively. Age, kind of valve surgery, and study group were independent predictors of survival. Self-management of oral anticoagulation increased long-term survival by 23% (intent-to-treat analysis) and 33% (per protocol analysis), respectively, compared with conventional measurement by the general practitioner. Possible reasons for these advantageous results in the self-management group are fewer thromboembolic events due to a higher percentage of international normalized ratio values lying in the target range compared with the conventional group. Conclusions Data indicate that self-management of oral anticoagulation is a promising strategy in order to increase long-term survival in patients with mechanical prosthetic valves.