Complete Atrioventricular Canal: Comparison of Modified Single-Patch Technique With Two-Patch Technique

Background The purpose of this study was to compare the modified single-patch technique to the two-patch technique for infants with complete atrioventricular canal (CAVC) defects. Methods Between January 2000 and June 2006, 55 infants underwent CAVC repair. Twenty-six patients had a modified single-patch technique; 29 patients had a two-patch technique. Trisomy 21 was present in 23 of 26 and 26 of 29 patients (p = not significant [ns]). Mean age was 4.4 ± 1.3 months (single-patch) versus 5.5 ± 1.9 months (two-patch, p < 0.02). Mean weight was 4.74 ± 0.92 versus 5.28 ± 1.67 kilograms (p = ns). Results There was one death in the modified single-patch group (postoperative day 130, liver failure) and no deaths in the two-patch group. Cross-clamp times and cardiopulmonary bypass times were shorter in the modified single-patch group (97.3 ± 19.9 vs 123.3 ± 28.2 minutes, p < 0.0003; 128 ± 25 vs 157 ± 37, p < 0.03). Rastelli classification was type A (18 vs 14), B (1 vs 0), and C (7 vs 15). Mean size of the ventricular septal defect as assessed by transesophageal echocardiogram was 9 ± 2 mm, (single-patch) versus 10 ± 3 mm (two-patch) (p = ns). Median postoperative length of stay did not differ (10 vs 8 days). There was no difference in the degree of postoperative left or right AV valve insufficiency as assessed by serial echocardiography. One patient (4%) required reoperation for mitral insufficiency in the modified single-patch versus three patients in the two-patch group (10%, p = ns). There were no patients with third degree atrioventricular block or that required reoperation for residual VSD in the modified single-patch group. There was one patient with third-degree AV block that required a pacemaker and one patient who had reoperation for a residual ventricular septal defect in the two-patch group (p = ns). No patient in either group required reoperation for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Conclusions The modified single-patch technique produced results comparable with the two-patch technique in younger patients with similarly sized ventricular septal defects. Furthermore, the modified single-patch technique was performed with significantly shorter cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times.