Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection to the Supradiaphragmatic Inferior Vena Cava

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the inferior vena cava is a rare form of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection infrequently described in the literature. We report two cases where the pulmonary venous connection was to the supradiaphragmatic portion of the inferior vena cava. In both patients, preoperative echocardiography findings were misleading, which suggested a cardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.