Outcomes After Unilateral Lung Volume Reduction

Background For patients with end-stage emphysema undergoing lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), we have preferred a bilateral (BLVRS) approach to achieve maximum benefit with a single procedure. A unilateral (ULVRS) approach has been used in certain patients in whom BLVRS is contraindicated. Methods Between January 1993 and December 2006, 43 consecutive patients underwent ULVRS. The study excluded patients undergoing giant bullectomy. Relative contraindications for BLVRS were unilateral emphysema, 21; unilateral emphysema plus other factors, 2; and other factors alone, 10. Preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation was required. Postrehabilitation data were used as the baseline for analyses. Outcome measurements for ULVRS were compared with BLVRS results. Results After ULVRS, the mean increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) from postrehabilitation values was 32% at 6 months (p ≤ 0.001) and 28% at 3 years (p = 0.036). The FEV1 was not significantly improved at 5 years. The mean reduction in residual volume after ULVRS was 23% at 6 months (p ≤ 0.001) and 38% at 5 years (p = 0.001). Supplemental oxygen requirements declined initially postoperatively. One patient (2%) died in the hospital. The 90-day mortality was 0%. Kaplan-Meier survival after ULVRS was 97.7%, 80.9%, and 45.5%, at 1, 3, and 5 years. Conclusions ULVRS produces improvements in pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life with an acceptable morbidity and mortality in patients for whom BLVRS is contraindicated, but the benefits are of lower magnitude than those achieved with BLVRS.