Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes: A Single Institutionʹs Early Learning Curve

Background The gold standard for mediastinal lymph node evaluation is mediastinoscopy, which is invasive and allows access to only a limited number of mediastinal lymph node (MLN) stations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 7). Endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA) is emerging as a useful, less invasive technique that offers access to a wider range of MLN stations (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 11). We report our initial experience with this procedure. Methods Using our prospectively maintained database, we performed a single-institution retrospective chart review. Our study group consisted of all patients at the University of Minnesota who underwent EBUS-FNA for evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy or for thoracic malignancy staging from September 1, 2006, through December 15, 2007. To assess our learning curve, we plotted the cumulative sensitivity (%) and accuracy (%) of our EBUS-FNA results as a function of the number of procedures we performed. Results During the study period, 100 patients underwent EBUS, 92 with FNA. Of these, 56 patients (34 women, 22 men; mean age, 60.4 ± 13.7 years) met our inclusion criteria. We found no complications. After our first 10 procedures, the sensitivity of our EBUS-FNA results was 96.2%; accuracy was 97.8% (rates comparable with other large series in the literature). Conclusions We conclude that the learning curve for EBUS-FNA for thoracic surgeons is about 10 procedures.