Is lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery an adequate cancer operation?

Background. Although the public perceives video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) as advantageous because it is less invasive than a thoracotomy, the medical community has questioned the safety of VATS lobectomy and its adequacy as a cancer operation. Reported series have not been able to address these issues because follow-up has been only short-term. Methods. A multiinstitutional, retrospective review was performed in 298 consecutive patients who underwent VATS for a standard anatomic lobectomy with lymph node dissection for lung cancer. Pathologic staging was I in 233 (78%), II in 27 (9%), and IIIA in 38 (13%) patients. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was performed. Results. The conversion rate from VATS lobectomy to thoracotomy was 6%, but none were for massive intraoperative bleeding. The only death (0.3%) was because of mesenteric venous thrombosis. Forty minor complications occurred in 38 patients (12.8%) undergoing VATS. The mean and median lengths of stay were 5 ± 3.39 and 4 days, respectively. Recurrence in an incision occurred in 1 patient (0.3%). The Kaplan Meier 4-year survival for stage I was 70% ± 5%. Conclusion. The VATS lobectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma appears to be a safe operation, with the same survival as expected for a lobectomy done by thoracotomy.