Stroke in cardiac surgical patients: determinants and outcome

Background. Despite improving outcomes in cardiac surgical patients, stroke continues to remain a major complication. Few prospective studies are available on postoperative stroke. The present study was conducted to elucidate the incidence and predictors of stroke in a large group of cardiac surgical patients. Methods and Results. Prospective data collected on 4,941 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were subjected to univariate and logistic regression analyses (98.4% men; 72% older than 60 years; 9.1% with history of prior stroke; 80.4% underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting). Stroke predictors include history of stroke and hypertension, older age, systolic hypertension, bronchodilator and diuretic use, high serum creatinine, surgical priority, great vessel repair, use of inotropic agents after cardiopulmonary bypass, and total cardiopulmonary bypass time (p< 0.05 for all comparisons). Median intensive care unit and hospital stays were longer, and hospital mortality and 6-month mortality were higher for patients with stroke (p< 0.001). Conclusions. Stroke after cardiac surgical procedures is a morbid event. Identification of predictors and development of strategies to modify these factors should lead to a lower incidence of stroke.