Melanoma as a second malignant neoplasm after childhood cancer

Background As more children survive childhood cancers, the population at risk for second malignant tumors increases. The development of melanoma as a second malignant tumor is not well described. Methods The M.D. Anderson Cancer Centerʹs 50-year experience with patients who developed melanoma after treatment of a childhood cancer was retrospectively reviewed. Results One hundred seventy-two patients with a second malignancy were identified; 11 patients had melanoma as a second malignancy. The most common first malignancies were Hodgkinʹs disease, brain tumors, and retinoblastomas. Melanoma developed in an irradiated field in 4 patients. Six patients had lymphatic or distant metastasis at diagnosis. Five of 11 patients died of melanoma. Conclusions Factors contributing to melanoma as a second malignancy may include genetic factors and the effects of chemotherapy and radiation. Survivors of childhood malignancy should be considered at risk for developing melanoma, and suspicious pigmented lesions should be carefully evaluated.