Comparion of meaurement of refractive error between the hand-held Retinomax and on-table autorefractor in cyclopleged and noncyclopleged children

Purpoe To compare the meaurement of refractive error (phere, cylinder, and axi) between the hand-held Retinomax and on-table Topcon autorefractor in cyclopleged and noncyclopleged young children. The average bia and meaurement agreement were aeed. Deign Obervational cro-ectional tudy. Method The tudy included 114 cyclopleged and 156 noncyclopleged young children. The mean difference between the two method and the 95% limit of agreement were calculated to evaluate the average bia. Two type of analye were conducted to ae the degree of agreement. Firt, the proportion of the abolute mean difference wa preented in different range (≤0.25, 0.25–0.5, 0.5–0.75, 0.75–1.0, and >1.0 diopter for phere and cylinder; 0–10, 11–20 and >20 degree for axi). econd, the paired t tet wa conducted to evaluate the conitency of two type of meaurement. Reult The data by the Retinomax had mild bia (0.59 diopter) toward a lower phere data under noncycloplegia but no bia under cycloplegia. For cylinder and axi, there wa either no bia or clinically acceptable bia (0.02–0.13 diopter for cylinder and 2–7 degree for axi) regardle of cycloplegia. Beide the phere data under noncycloplegia, in general 90% of the mean difference of phere and cylinder were within 0.5 diopter. More than 97% of the difference in axi under cycloplegia and 68% under noncycloplegia were within 20 degree. After adjuting for mild bia, the paired t tet howed very conitent reult. Concluion The data by the Retinomax were conitent with thoe by the Topcon. The Retinomax i a ueful intrument to creen refractive error in young children