Ophthalmic fundu imaging: today and beyond

Purpoe To review and update technique of poterior egment ophthalmic fundu imaging. Deign Literature review and collective experience of the author. Method Thi perpective include ection on digital imaging, fundu autofluorecence, ultraonography, angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) -ophthalmocopy written by leading clinician and reearcher in thee area. Reult Digital angiography ha become the new tandard in the ophthalmic community baed upon improved technology which ha enhanced reolution, proceing time, and eae of image duplication, manipulation, and tranmiion. A relatively new imaging technique, fundu autofluorecence, highlight lipofucin depoit and improve our undertanding of the metabolic tatu of the retinal pigment epithelium. Diagnotic ultraonography continue to be a major adjunct to ocular evaluation where advance now allow for exceptional veratility and portability. High peed angiographic technique provide detailed viualization of choroidal perfuion which improve our undertanding of both normal and pathologic vacular phenomenon. Advance in high-reolution OCT currently under development promie an even more detailed fundu repreentation. The integration of the canning laer ophthalmocope and OCT ha produced a dynamic new intrument, the OCT ophthalmocope, which imultaneouly image the fundu in numerou way with point to point correlation. Concluion Ophthalmic imaging technology ha revolutionized fundu examination. Currently available ytem have contributed ignificantly to our undertanding of the pathophyiology and treatment of variou retinal dieae. Future advance promie near hitologic reolution of retinal tructure a well a real-time image manipulation and intantaneou tranmiion world-wide.