moking, Cardiovacular Rik Factor, and Age-related Macular Degeneration in Aian: The ingapore Malay Eye tudy Original Reearch Article

Purpoe To ae aociation between moking and cardiovacular rik factor and prevalent age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the ingapore Malay population. Deign Population-baed, cro-ectional tudy. Method A total of 3,280 Malay adult age 40 to 80 year were included in the tudy. Early and late AMD ign were graded from retinal photograph following Wiconin ytem. All participant had interview, ytemic examination, and laboratory invetigation to determine moking tatu and cardiovacular rik factor. Reult A total of 3,265 participant had gradable photo, 21 (0.6%) with late AMD and 169 (5.2%) with early AMD. After adjuting for age and gender, current moker were ignificantly more likely to have late AMD (odd ratio [OR], 3.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40 to 10.23). Thi aociation wa tronger among thoe who currently moked >5 pack of cigarette per week (OR, 9.35; 95% CI, 2.49 to 35.08). Concluion moking wa aociated with a higher late AMD prevalence in Malay, conitent with finding from tudie in White population.