Increased immunoreactivity of endothelin-1 and endothelin B receptor in human atherosclerotic lesions. A possible role in atherogenesis

This study was designed to analyze the distribution and localization of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and ET receptors (ET and ET ) at different stages of human atherosclerotic lesions by immunohistochemistry. Compared with ET receptors, there was increased immunoreactivity of ET-1 and ET receptor in both unfoamy and foamy macrophages and T lymphocytes in fatty streak and fibrous plaque lesions. In addition, medial SMCs located just beneath the foam cell lesions revealed a higher intensity of ET receptor immunoreactivity than those located beneath the normal-looking intima without foam cells. In fibrous plaques, intimal SMCs near foam cells showed an increased density of ET receptors with predominant ET immunoreactivity. In the areas where SMCs showed ET receptor, ET-1 immunoreactivity was also enhanced. These results suggest that accumulation of foamy macrophages and T lymphocytes may modulate the switching of ET receptor subtypes from ET to ET in vascular SMCs, and that the enhanced ET system mediated by ET receptors may play active roles in the progression of atherosclerosis.