Electronic chart review as an aid to postdischarge surgical site surveillance: Increased case finding

Background: At the University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers, there is increasing use of an electronic medical record. Because orthopedic surgeons dictate all outpatient visits to the patientʹs electronic record, total knee arthroplasties were chosen to determine whether the use of electronic medical records increased case finding. Methods: All patients who underwent a total knee arthroplasty during the study period (1996–1999) were followed prospectively with the use of the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System definitions. Traditional surveillance methods were used to ascertain infections. In addition, each patientʹs postdischarge outpatient clinic chart was reviewed electronically for 1 year after operation. Results: From 1996 to 1999, 555 procedures were performed. Overall, 25 infections were identified after operation. Seven infections were identified through traditional surveillance methods, which resulted in an average surgical site infection rate of 1.3%. The use of electronic chart review surveillance after discharge revealed a rate of 4.5%, which was significantly higher than traditional surveillance (P < .01). Eighteen of 25 infections (72%) would not have been identified with the use of traditional surveillance methods. Conclusion: Postdischarge electronic chart review enhanced case finding significantly, which resulted in a more accurate infection rate. Awareness should be given to the institutionsʹ surveillance methods and intensity when comparing to published rates.