The alterations in insulin sensitivity during angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor treatment are related to changes in the calcium/magnesium balance

Abstract The present analysis was undertaken to investigate the relations between alterations in mineral factors, especially the balance between serum calcium and magnesium concentrations (S--- Ca and S---Mg, respectively), and variables reflecting glucose and lipid metabolism during angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment. A total of 96 patients with essential hypertension, participating in four double-blind studies with four different ACE inhibitors and similar protocols, were included. At the end of the initial placebo period and at the end of the period of active drug treatment, a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test was carried out, lipoprotein status was assessed, and the concentrations of serum electrolytes were measured. The serum ACE activity was determined in the group treated with fosinopril. Changes in insulin sensitivity index (M/I) were directly correlated to alterations in S---Mg (r = 0.24, P< .02), and inversely correlated to changes in S---Ca (r = −0.19, P = .07) and the ratio between serum calcium and magnesium concentrations (Ca/Mg)(r = −0.27, P< .008). The change in total serum triglycerides (S---Tg) was inversely correlated to the change in S---Mg (r = −0.35, P< .0005), and directly correlated to the change in Ca/Mg ratio (r = 0.36, P< .0004). The reduction in serum ACE activity correlated to a more pronounced increase in S---Mg (r = −0.62, P< .002), and decrease in the Ca/Mg ratio (r = 0.73, P = .0002). We conclude that the changes in the studied metabolic variables and serum ACE activity during ACE inhibitor treatment are related to alterations in mineral status and the balance between calcium and magnesium concentrations in serum.