Effect of losartan on oxidative stress-induced hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats

Abstract Background Hypertension induced by oxidative stress has been demonstrated in normal rats. In the current study, we investigated the effect of the oral AT1 receptor blocker losartan (10 mmol/kg/day) on oxidative stress, induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion (using buthionine-sulfoximine, BSO, 30 mmol/L/day in the drinking water), in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured by tail–cuff plethysmography and the plasma levels of total 8-isoprostane, nitric oxide, prostacyclin, thromboxane A2, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and aortic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Plasma, heart, and kidney GSH were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Aortic and renal superoxide production was determined by fluorescence spectrometry. Results In the BSO-treated group, MAP, angiotensin II, isoprostane, thromboxane A2, and superoxide were elevated; whereas prostacyclin, GSH, cAMP, and cGMP were reduced, compared to control. Losartan alone reduced MAP, and increased renal GSH, plasma nitric oxide, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and aortic cGMP. When administered concurrently with BSO, losartan reversed the BSO-induced elevation of MAP, superoxide, and thromboxane A2 as well as the reduction in prostacyclin and aortic cAMP levels, but did not significantly alter the reduction in GSH or the elevation in angiotensin II and aldosterone. Conclusions Losartan attenuates BSO-induced hypertension, which appears to be mediated, in part, by angiotensin II and the prostanoid endothelium-derived factors.