Dendritic Spine Changes in Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Male Diabetic Rats Using Golgi-Impregnation Method

Background: Neuropathy is one of the major complications contributing to morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. The effect of diabetes on brain has not been studied so much and no gross abnormality has been found in the central nervous system of patients with diabetic neuropathy. This study was conducted to evaluate the time-dependent structural changes in medial prefrontal cortex of male diabetic rats using Golgi-impregnation method. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control and diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. At the end of the first and second months, the rats were transcardially perfused with a solution of phosphate buffer containing paraformaldehyde and Golgi-impregnated method was used to evaluate the changes of dendritic spines in medial prefrontal cortex. Results: There was a significant reduction in the mean density of pyramidal neuron dendritic spines in the layers II and III of medial prefrontal cortex only after 2 months in the diabetic group compared to age-matched controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Diabetes induces a reduction in the spine density of apical dendrites of medial prefrontal cortex only in two-month diabetic rats.