Phonotactics and the prestopped velar lateral of Hiw: resolving the ambiguity of a complex segment

Complex segments consisting of two phases are potentially ambivalent as to which phase determines their phonemic status – e.g. whether /Z/ is a stop or a nasal. This theoretical problem is addressed here with respect to a typologically unusual phoneme in Hiw, an endangered Oceanic language of Vanuatu. This complex segment, /+/, combines a velar voiced stop and a velar lateral approximant. Similar phonemes, in the few languages which have them, have been variously described as (laterally released) stops, affricates or (prestopped) laterals. The nature of Hiw /+/ can be established from its patterning in tautosyllabic consonant clusters. The licensing of word-initial CC clusters in Hiw complies with the Sonority Sequencing Principle, albeit with some adjustments. Consequently, the well-formedness of words like /m+ejiN@/ ‘berserk’ relies on /+/ being analysed as a prestopped velar lateral approximant – the only liquid in the system.