The Moderating Effect of Nationality, Gender, Position, and Tenure on the Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Counterproductive Work Behaviors among Iranian and Malaysian

There are two main objectives in this study: first, to measure the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs); and second, to determine the moderating effect of nationality, gender, position, and tenure on the relationship between OCBs and CWBs. One thousand and fifty eight participants participated in this study. A set of questionnaires consisting of, demographic information of the respondents which includes nationality, gender, position, and organizational tenure, which used as moderator variables, 16 OCBs questions developed by Lee and Allen (2002), and 45 CWBs questions developed by Fox and Spector (2002) were translated into Persian and Malay languages. The questionnaires were administered by the researchers in Iran and Malaysia. The findings of study showed that OCBs and CWBs are negatively correlated among the total sample (r= -0.207, p < 0.01), Iranian sample (r = -0.314, p < 0.01), and Malaysian sample (r = -0.108, p < 0.05). It was also found that nationality (B = 0.204 p < 0.01) and gender (B = -0.07 p < 0.05) moderated the relationship between OCBs and CWBs. However, position and tenure did not. Based on these results, it was concluded that, OCBs and CWBs are negatively correlated; moreover nationality and gender moderated the relationship between OCBs and CWBs. The limitations, implications and some suggestions for further studies are also mentioned.