Exploiting the Temporal Logic Hierarchy and the Non-Confluence Property for Efficient LTL Synthesis

The classic approaches to synthesize a reactive system from a linear temporal logic (LTL) specification first translate the given LTL formula to an equivalent m-automaton and then compute a winning strategy for the corresponding m-regular game. To this end, the obtained m-automata have to be (pseudo)-determinized where typically a variant of Safraʹs determinization procedure is used. In this paper, we show that this determinization step can be significantly improved for tool implementations by replacing Safraʹs determinization by simpler determinization procedures. In particular, we exploit (1) the temporal logic hierarchy that corresponds to the well-known automata hierarchy consisting of safety, liveness, Buchi, and co-Buchi automata as well as their boolean closures, (2) the non-confluence property of m-automata that result from certain translations of LTL formulas, and (3) symbolic implementations of determinization procedures for the Rabin-Scott and the Miyano-Hayashi breakpoint construction. In particular, we present convincing experimental results that demonstrate the practical applicability of our new synthesis procedure.