In situ magnetic resonance imaging of electrically-induced water diffusion in a Nafion ionic polymer film

By deploying a functioning electrochemical cell inside a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) instrument, images of the electrically-induced diffusion of water through a Li+ ion-exchanged Nafion ionic polymer film in the form of two-dimensional maps of proton density and transverse relaxation time, T2, were generated and changes in these images over time and with respect to changes made to the applied potential were followed.