Applying polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence microscopy methods for Discrimination new self compatible almond genotypes

Abstract:Most of almond cultivars are self-incompatible or over cross incompatible. Self-incompatibility is one of the most important limitative problems for fruit set and cropping in almond tree. Therefore, that is necessary to obtain self-compatible cultivars. Nowadays, difficulties of almond orchard management have been overcome by plantation of self-compatible cultivars obtained from crossing programs. In this research, leaf samples of 116 almond genotypes obtained from crossing between some superior self-incompatible local genotypes and ʹtuonoʹ were collected. Later, DNA extraction, quantitative as well as qualitative assays were DNA samples carried out with Nanodrop and spectrophotometer. S f allele (450bp) was checked out by reaction using SfF and SfR primers. Results obtained from fluorescence microscopy method showed that ten genotypes were Self-compatible, eight genotypes were doubtful and others were recognized as self-incompatible. Among of doubtful genotypes, three genotypes were distinguished self compatible and others self –incompatible. According to results obtained from PCR method, five genotype (5, 13, 14, 54, 70) obtained from crossing between female self-incompatible parent (121) and ʹtounoʹ (male parent) as well as seven genotype (32, 34, 41, 42, 46, 48, 73) obtained from crossing between female self-incompatible parent (4) and ʹtounoʹ (male parent) were realized as self compatible genotypes. Fluorescent microscopy method can determine the level of self-incompatibility even in unfavorable environmental conditions during flowering. Results indicated that PCR was recognized as a precise method for identification of self compatible genotypes when they are still young.