Tracer test at El Berrocal site

Tracer tests provide highly valuable information about the transport properties of saturated rocks which is essential to the characterization of a potential radioactive waste repository site. In the frame of El Berrocal project, a set of tracer tests was performed in a complex geometry of inclined boreholes, combined with highly fractured transmissive zones. The aims of the tracer test programme were to gain experience, knowledge and insight into field transport experiments. To achieve this a detailed programme of new instrumentation design, site characterization and laboratory tasks was developed. For field monitoring a new electronic system was developed. The system is able to measure up to 256 parameters per borehole, with surface equipment to control pumping rates and physical and chemical parameters at both injection and extraction boreholes. The experiments progressed from single borehole dilution tests under both natural flow and forced gradient conditions to convergent flow tracer tests. Dilution tests helped to discriminate the most suitable borehole sections at which to inject tracers. The tracers were selected by the results of the laboratory programme. Uranine (fluorescein), DTPA-gadolinium (diethylenetriaminopentacetic acid, gadolinium (III)), and deuterium were injected simultaneously in one borehole section and recovered at another borehole 20 m away, pumping at a flowrate of 0.1 1 min−1. First results showed a thickness porosity of 1.2 × 10−3 m and a longitudinal dispersivity of 17.0 m using uranine data acquired over a period of 4 d, at which point the recovery concentration had reached a maximum. However, gadolinium and deuterium appeared to travel faster, arriving at peak values after only 2 d of injection.