Fractional skew monoid rings

Given an action α of a monoid T on a ring A by ring endomorphisms, and an Ore subset S of T, a general construction of a fractional skew monoid ring Sop*αA*αT is given, extending the usual constructions of skew group rings and of skew semigroup rings. In case S is a subsemigroup of a group G such that G=S−1S, we obtain a G-graded ring Sop*αA*αS with the property that, for each s S, the s-component contains a left invertible element and the s−1-component contains a right invertible element. In the most basic case, where and , the construction is fully determined by a single ring endomorphism α of A. If α is an isomorphism onto a proper corner pAp, we obtain an analogue of the usual skew Laurent polynomial ring, denoted by A[t+,t−;α]. Examples of this construction are given, and it is proven that several classes of known algebras, including the Leavitt algebras of type (1,n), can be presented in the form A[t+,t−;α]. Finally, mild and reasonably natural conditions are obtained under which Sop*αA*αS is a purely infinite simple ring.