Basinwide water management: a spatial model

This paper develops a spatial model for a water basin that allows for surface water allocation and reuse of the water that is lost. The analytical solution suggests specialization of production over space—upstream farmers use canal water and downstream farmers pump groundwater that is lost upstream. Groundwater emerges as an endogenous “backstop”. The empirical results suggest that when traditional conservation technologies are used, optimization over the entire basin leads to a significant increase in aggregate output, project area and water use. Somewhat counter-intuitively, rents from water decrease if farmers switch from traditional to modern irrigation technology