Palladacyclic catalysts in C–C and C–heteroatom bond-forming reactions

Palladacycles are amongst the most active catalysts in Heck-type carbon–carbon bond formation and related carbonheteroatom bond forming reactions. For instance they have recently emerged as showing the highest activity in the Suzuki coupling of electronically challenging aryl chloride substrates. In addition to the high activity they display, their ease of synthesis, facile modification and comparative stability all act to enhance their appeal.