Intraspecific Variation in Gamma-Radiation Resistance and Genomic Structure in the Filamentous Fungus Alternaria alternata: A Case Study of Strains Inhabiting Chernobyl Reactor No. 4

This is probably the first report on intraspecific variation in radiation resistance for filamentous fungi. It was revealed that natural (“field”) strains of the filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata are extremely variable in response to gamma-irradiation ranging from supersensitive to highly resistant to radiation. At the same time nearly all strains originating from the highly radiation-polluted reactor of the Chernobyl (Ukraine) Nuclear Power Plant possessed high radiation resistance. The genome structure of strains studied by universally primed polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) was found to be well conserved in “reactor” but not in “control” strains. The “reactor” strains appear to be genetically adapted to this high radiation habitat by means of selection, thus providing a natural source of genetically homogeneous fungal lineages.