Changes in nutritional status and patterns of morbidity among free-living elderly persons: A 10-year longitudinal study

Nutritional intake appears to be an important factor contributing to aging. In the present study we describe changes in physical health related to nutritional intake among elderly persons in a 10-y longitudinal study. Among 304 healthy elderly participants (median age 72 y on entry into the study in 1980), 97 (34.2%) are still in good health 10 y later in 1990, 74 (26.5%) have become frail or sick, 54 (19.1%) have died, and 57 (20.1%) have dropped out of the study. Women with lower or higher energy intakes (in 1980 and 1981) than the current Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA; between 25 and 30 kcal/kg) were more likely to become frail or sick or to die in 1990 than those with energy intake in the midrange (below RDA, odds ratio (OR) = 3.3, confidence interval (CI) = 1.2–8.6; above RDA, OR = 3.4, CI: 1.1–10.7). Moreover, women with protein intakes greater than the midrange of 0.8–1.2 g/kg of body weight (1.20–1.76 g/kg in 1980 and 1981) tended to have fewer health problems over the next 10 y than those with protein intakes <0.8 g/kg, suggesting that the mean protein requirement in elderly adults is greater than that established by the 1985 joint World Health Organization/FAO/UNU Expert Committee. Moreover, a decrease in energy intake was greater in elderly persons who died or dropped out of the study because of illness.