Toxic PCB Congeners and Organochlorine Pesticides in Italian Human Milk

Human milk from four major Italian cities was analyzed for individual congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), DDT, DDE, hexachlorobenzene, and β-hexachlorocyclohexane. Minimum and maximum concentrations in milk from individual mothers for most compounds ranged between one order of magnitude below and above the mean value of all mothers. Good agreements were found between results from pooled samples and mean values of individual samples. No statistically significant difference between cities was found and the levels in milk from Italian mothers did not differ significantly from published levels from other parts of the world. Principal component analyses revealed that the PCB congener distribution pattern was very similar in all mothers, independent of location. Average concentrations in milk from the four cities were 19(±5) μg liter−1 total PCB or 3.2(±0.8) ng liter−1 toxicity equivalents according to the most conservative TCDD toxicity equivalent factors of PCBs proposed in the literature, 70(±18) μg liter−1 DDE, 4.5(±1.2) μg liter−1 DDT, 5.6(±1.9) μg liter−1 HCB, and 4.4(±1.7) μg liter−1 β-hexachlorocyclohexane.