Toxicity Assessment of 16 Inorganic Environmental Pollutants by Six Bioassays

The relative toxicity of 16 environmental pollutants, such as inorganic elements (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ge, Hg, Mn, Nb, Pb, Sb,Sn, Ti, V, and Zn), is evaluated on the L-929 established cell line of murine fibroblasts, with five bioassays [RNA synthesis rate assay (RNA), MTT reduction assay (MTT), neutral red incorporation assay (NRI), Coomassie blue assay, and cellular growth rate assay], and on the ciliated protozoaTetrahymena pyriformisGL [doubling time ofT. pyriformis GLpopulation assay (DTP)]. For each inorganic substance, the six bioassays allowed the toxicological index IC50(“inhibitory concentration 50%”) to be calculated. The IC50values are useful to rank the tested elements and to compare the features of the six bioassays. The most sensitive assays were the RNA, MTT, NRI, and DTP assays. Moreover, thein vitroIC50values correlated with thein vivoLD50values; these results were close to those obtained with established lines of human, murine, or fish cells. The sensitivity and the complementarity of these bioassays would be in favor of their incorporation in a “battery” of tests used for toxicological screening studies of xenobiotics.