Failure of a Mycelial Formulation of the Nematophagous FungusHirsutella rhossiliensisto Suppress the NematodeHeterodera schachtii

Research was conducted to determine whether pelletized hyphae ofHirsutella rhossiliensissuppressed invasion of roots by the sugarbeet cyst nematodeHeterodera schachtiiin field microplots. The loamy sand in the microplots was infested withH. schachtiibut not withH. rhossiliensis.Alginate pellets, with or without hyphae ofH. rhossiliensis,were mixed into soil removed from the microplots (1 pellet/cm3of soil). The soil was placed in cylinders positioned vertically in microplots; cylinders (6/microplot) were 10.1 cm wide and 15.3 cm deep and contained 1200 cm3of soil. Pellets and soil also were placed in soil observation chambers, which were buried in the cylinders or kept at 20°C in moisture chambers in the laboratory. After 12 days, cabbage seeds were planted in each cylinder, and after 10 days of growth, the seedlings were removed from the soil andH. schachtiiin the roots were counted. The number ofH. schachtiiin roots was large and was unaffected by addition ofH. rhossiliensis.In soil observation chambers,H. rhossiliensisgrew vigorously from the pellets in heat-treated soil but not in nonheated soil, and enchytraeids and collembolans were observed near damaged pellets. We suspect that organisms, possibly including enchytraeids and collembolans, fed upon or otherwise inhibitedH. rhossil- iensis.