The lessons of bhopal [toxic] MIC gas disaster scope for expanding global biomonitoring and environmental specimen banking

Bhopal Toxic gas tragedy represents one of the worst chemical accidents of the world. Autopsy and toxicological studies, apart from presenting evidence of acute and even chronic cyanide toxicity, provided a unique example of the incriminated chemical being traced to the bodies of the victims. The entry of methyl isocyanate (MIC) into the blood stream was established by the presence of carbamoylated end-terminal amino acids of haemoglobin and other tissue proteins. The presence of MIC trimer and a few other identified as well as unidentified tank residue constituents in the blood and viscera further established a close nexus of the products of pyrolysis of MIC in the aerosol inhaled by the victims. The Bhopal studies exemplify the scope for biological monitoring (BM) and environmental specimen banking (ESB) in chemical accidents as part of the global efforts.