Mercury Contamination of Fish and Exposures of an Indigenous Community in Pará State, Brazil

Fish consumption is an important source of protein among indigenous communities in Amazonian Brazil. Exposures to mercury via fish were studied in an indigenous community of the Munduruku reserve, located in the Tapajós River basin in the state of Pará, one of the oldest and most productive gold mining areas in the Amazon region. This study summarizes the results of mercury (Hg) analyses of fish consumed by inhabitants of the Munduruku settlement of Sai Cinza. The most frequently consumed fish, reported by 330 persons interviewed for this study, were tucunaré, pacu, jaraqui, traíra, aracu, matrinchã, and caratinga. The mean mercury concentration in carnivorous fish was 0.297 μg•g−1 while in noncarnivorous fish mean mercury concentration was 0.095 μg•g−1. Only in caratinga was there a significant relationship between fish size, weight, and mercury levels. Levels of methylmercury in the tucunaré averaged 0.170 μg•g−1, while in traíra the mean level of methylmercury was 0.212 μg•g−1. Although the levels of Hg in fish consumed by the Sai Cinza community are below the Brazilian limit value for consumption, the high rates and amounts of fish consumed by this population are relevant to evaluating risks of mercury contamination for communities with limited food resources.