Congener specific transfer of PCDD/Fs from air to cowsʹ milk: An evaluation of current modelling approaches

Three different approaches have been used to model the transfer of individual PCDD/F congeners from the air to cowsʹ milk. These are: (1) an ‘Equilibrium Partitioning’ approach, (2) a ‘Deposition Velocity’ approach and (3) a ‘Scavenging’ approach. Air-leaf transfers and livestock feed-milk transfers, the two most critical components of the food chain exposure model, are discussed. A representative database for measured PCDD/Fs in UK air, herbage and milk is presented and the performance of each predicted model concentration against this measured dataset is assessed. Weaknesses and uncertainties associated with modelling the complex transfer processes involved are highlighted.