Policies and instruments for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from stationary sources in The Netherlands

The Dutch National Environmental Policy Plan sets reduction targets for NOx from stationary sources. A wide variety of instruments to achieve reductions while weighing the pros and cons has been developed. These instruments are legislation, subsidies, green taxation and several covenants (agreements). Future policies and instruments are presented here on the basis of possible experiences and expectations, with emphasis on a system of industry-wide reduction obligations based on cost-sharing and a specific type of emission trading.