Water-soluble aerosol and visibility degradation in Hong Kong during autumn and early winter, 1998

During the October–December 1998 period, 30 daily samples of size-separated airborne respirable suspended particulates (RSP) were collected at the quasi-rural Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre (KARC) in central New Territories (NT), Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region (SAR). Results of analysis indicate that sulphate is the predominant water-soluble species, and that sulphate, nitrate and ammonium together contribute to most of the total water-soluble fine aerosol mass. An interesting result obtained through principal component analysis (PCA) following varimax rotation of the bivariate correlation matrix for water-soluble species is that the first component (PC1) is made up exclusively of SO4 and NH4 ions. The stoichiometric ratio and correlation coefficient between the two ions suggest that ammoniated sulphate compounds are the probable species responsible for the PC1. Further, the use of a linear multivariate visibility model which accommodates the effect of relative humidity (RH) shows that SO4 and NH4 are the only anions important in visibility degradation. It is found that SO4 in aerosol at the KARC can be used to predict the visual range (or extinction coefficient) recorded from Kings Park, Kowloon, 10 km away. This result suggests that SO4 (and possibly NH4) is, generally, likely to be of regional rather than of local origin. Further observations suggest that the model is most applicable to a moderate visual range, 10 km