Variability of catechin and 4-hydroxyacetophenone distribution in Norway spruce needles in relation to their position, age, and growing conditions

The amount of catechin and 4-hydroxyacetophenone in the methanolic extract of the Norway spruce needles at the locality Bílý K í (Moravian–Silesian Beskydy Mts.) was found in the range 2.8–12.1 mg g−1 (dry weight) and 0.2–17.7 mg g−1 (dry weight), respectively. Total amount of catechin (sum of the last three needle year-classes) is statistically higher (p<0.01) in the sparse areas compared to the dense ones and similar trends were recorded for catechin content in current and one-year-old needles. These results may support an idea about primary control of phenolic production by the incident solar radiation, which depends on the social position of the tree and canopy closure degree.