Control of biofilms in water circulation systems with special reference to Legionella pneumophila and its eradication by chlorine dioxide

these salts strongly caused an increase in the turbidity of the cell suspension of Escherichia coli K 12 during the first 30-60 s. The turbid materials were vesicles liberated from the blebs on the bacterial surface. These iodides showed strong and constant bactericidal activities in the pH 5-8·5 region of the test solution, whereas the activity of N-dodecylpyridinium iodide was lowered in an acidic solution. The bactericidal activities of these salts were independent of their hydrophobicities (RM values). The RM values were determined by partition chromatography with reversed phases.