Antimicrobial activity of protamine: Examination of the mode of action

The source of raw water as well as stages in the purification and distribution systems were sampled for coliforms, Escherichia coli and intestinal pathogens; pH, chlorinity, conductivity, turbidity and iron content. The raw water was turbid with high iron content. High dosage of disinfectant in the purification system but little residuum in the distribution network. High coliform/E. coli counts in raw water. Presence of coliforms in tap water was worthy of note. Continuous contamination of raw water source was evident. Recommendations were made for physical protection of the raw water source and modification in the purification process. Regular monitoring of water quality will indicate stages of inadequate treatment in the purification system. Lesser dependence on imported chemical disinfectants will ensure a more regular supply of potable water. Implementation of these recommendations should safeguard public health.